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肝硬化

Overview

肝硬化是慢性疾病对肝脏造成永久性损害或损伤时发生的一种情况. 肝脏是人体第二大器官,重约4磅,位于腹部右上方, below the ribs. 肝脏比身体任何其他器官都有更多的功能, such as metabolizing the food we eat, 过滤和解毒毒素在我们的血液中去除许多有毒化合物, 产生免疫因子来控制感染,并在部分受损时自我再生. 肝硬化中形成的疤痕组织会损害肝脏的结构, blocking the flow of blood through the organ. It also slows the processing of nutrients, 蛋白质, 激素, 药物, 毒素 and other substances produced by the liver.

约25,000 people die from cirrhosis annually, 使其成为美国第11大死因. 肝硬化 has many causes, but in the U.S.慢性酒精中毒和丙型肝炎是最常见的. 几乎一半的肝硬化死亡是由于过度饮酒造成的. 该疾病的其他原因包括慢性乙型和丁型肝炎, autoimmune hepatitis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), blocked bile ducts, 药物, 毒素, 感染和某些遗传性代谢疾病,如α -1抗胰蛋白酶缺乏症, hemochromatosis, Wilson's disease, galactosemia and glycogen storage diseases.

Our approach to cirrhosis

To treat cirrhosis, 我们的专家专注于解决其潜在原因,以减缓或阻止肝损伤. 我们也可以开一些药物来缓解症状,预防或治疗并发症.

如果肝脏受损严重,无法发挥功能,肝移植可能是一种选择. 加州大学旧金山分校提供肝脏移植项目,以其出色的结果和生存统计数据而闻名,在全国名列前茅. 我们的项目帮助开创了使移植更安全、更成功的技术.

奖 & 识别

  • usnews-neurology

    Among the top hospitals in the nation

  • One of the nation's best in gastroenterology & 胃肠道手术

迹象 & 症状

许多肝硬化患者在疾病的早期阶段没有任何症状. 然而, as scar tissue replaces healthy cells, liver function may begin to fail, causing the following 症状.

Early 症状 include:

  • 在胸部、面部或手臂上出现蜘蛛状的红点
  • 乏力
  • Loss of appetite
  • 恶心想吐
  • 弱点
  • 减肥

Symptoms of advanced cirrhosis include:

  • Difficulty concentrating
  • Impaired sleep
  • 可怜的记忆
  • Accumulation of fluid in the abdomen and/or legs
  • Yellowish color of the skin and eyes (jaundice)
  • 尿色深
  • 弱点 and decreased muscle mass
  • Gastrointestinal bleeding
  • Coma, in severe cases

诊断

肝硬化 may be diagnosed based on your 症状, medical history, physical examination and results of laboratory tests. 确认肝硬化诊断的检查包括全血细胞计数(CBC)。, 肝酶, 肝功能和电解质测试,以及筛查其他健康状况,如乙型和丙型肝炎病毒, liver cancer or gallstones.

在大多数情况下,肝活检是用来确认诊断. During a biopsy, 十大赌博平台排行榜用针从你的肝脏中取出一小块组织样本,以便检查是否有疤痕或其他疾病的迹象.

影像学检查也可以被推荐来更近距离地观察你的肝脏. These include a computerized tomography (CT) scan, 使用放射性同位素(一种无害的放射性物质,可以突出显示肝脏)对肝脏进行超声波或扫描. 十大赌博平台排行榜也可能用腹腔镜检查你的肝脏, 通过腹部插入的一种仪器,它将图像传送到计算机屏幕上.

治疗

肝硬化的治疗重点是阻止或延缓对肝脏的损害和预防并发症, such as liver failure. 当病情的原因已知时,治疗的目标将是专门控制这种疾病. 例如, if a patient has hepatitis, 十大赌博平台排行榜可能会使用类固醇或抗病毒药物进行治疗.

Regardless of the cause of cirrhosis, it is essential that every patient avoid all substances, 可能进一步损害肝脏或引起并发症或肝功能衰竭的习惯和药物. 酒精除了引起肝硬化外,还可能加速肝瘢痕形成的进程. 所有肝病患者都不应饮酒. 药物也可以用来控制肝硬化的症状.

如果并发症发展到肝功能衰竭的地步, a liver transplant may be recommended. 我们的消化系统疾病专家团队与加州大学旧金山分校医学中心的肝移植专家密切合作, who can provide excellent care. 肝衰竭可能发生在肝病的终末期,此时肝脏停止工作,不能维持生命. Liver failure is difficult to treat and survival is limited. 然而, 好消息是,许多肝硬化患者已经成功地进行了肝移植. 此外,许多患者通过其他治疗手段过上了健康长寿的生活.

加州大学旧金山分校健康医学专家已经审查了这些信息. 它仅用于教育目的,并不打算取代您的十大赌博平台排行榜或其他医疗保健提供者的建议. 我们鼓励您与您的供应商讨论您可能遇到的任何问题或疑虑.

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