外围 动脉 疾病

迹象 & 症状

While many patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) have mild 症状 or no 症状 at all, about one in 10 experiences painful cramping or fatigue in the 腿, 臀部, 走路或爬楼梯后大腿或小腿肌肉, 哪一种可以通过短暂的休息来缓解. 这种情况被称为间歇性跛行.

其他症状包括:

• 腿部颜色的变化
• 脚趾甲的变化
• Coldness in the lower leg or foot, especially compared to the other leg
• 脚和腿上的毛发脱落
• 腿部麻木或无力
• 脚趾、脚或腿上的疮不能愈合

诊断。

外周动脉疾病(PAD)的诊断, your doctor will take your complete medical history and conduct a physical exam. You will also have one or more of the following tests to confirm a diagnosis:

• 踝臂指数(ABI). is a simple way to measure the blood flow in your 腿 using an ankle cuff, which the doctor inflates until the beat of your pulse is no longer heard. Pressure is then released from the cuff and your blood pressure is recorded.
• 双超声. A test to see how blood moves through your arteries and veins
• 计算机断层扫描(CT). Angiography is used to visualize the arteries bringing blood to your brain, 肺, 肾脏, 胳膊和腿.
• 磁共振血管造影(MRA). 血管检查血管检查.

你也可以做血液测试来测量你的胆固醇, 同型半胱氨酸, 血液中的一种氨基酸, 以及某些蛋白质.

治疗

心脏病专家, 心脏和血管外科十大赌博平台排行榜, 介入放射科医师 and other specialists work together to provide the most effective treatments – many of them developed at UCSF – for peripheral artery disease, 或垫.

你的治疗将取决于你的PAD的严重程度. Many patients can be managed with non-invasive therapies such as lifestyle changes, 药物治疗, 或两个. If your condition does not respond to these approaches, surgery may be necessary. 在最严重的病例中，可能需要截肢.

生活方式的改变:

• 戒烟
• 糖尿病的控制
• 血压管理
• 体育活动
• 低饱和脂肪饮食
• 胆固醇药物

药物

• 药物 to prevent blood clots, called antiplatelet therapy, such as aspirin or clopidigrel
• 降低胆固醇的药物, 叫他汀类药物, 比如辛伐他汀, 阿托伐他汀或普伐他汀
• 药物 that may help you walk, such as cilostazol or pentoxifylline
• 药物 to treat your high blood pressure, called ACE inhibitors

手术

If your condition worsens or does not improve with lifestyle changes and 药物治疗s, 心脏搭桥手术, 动脉内膜切除术或血管内干预可能是必要的. The type of procedure recommended will depend on the size and location of your blockage.

搭桥手术需要绕路, 或绕过, 在堵塞的动脉周围使血液正常流动. 为了创建这个旁路, 你的血管外科十大赌博平台排行榜使用移植物, which can be made from part of one of your veins or from a made-made synthetic tube. This bypass is surgically attached to replace the artery that is blocked, 为血液流向腿部组织创造了一条新的路径.

Endarterectomy is surgical removal of plaque from the blocked artery. 在手术过程中, your vascular surgeon will make an incision in your artery to remove the plaque in the artery's inner lining, 恢复正常血流. The effectiveness of endarterectomy depends on the location and severity of your blockage. It may be performed with other procedures, such as 心脏搭桥手术.

Endovascular therapies are minimally invasive non-surgical techniques that open or widen arteries that have become narrowed or blocked. 在一个叫做球囊血管成形术的过程中, a catheter is inserted into a leg or arm artery and fed into the blocked peripheral artery. A balloon, connected to the catheter, is expanded to open the artery. 然后外科十大赌博平台排行榜可能会放置一个金属丝网管, 叫做支架, 在阻塞区域保持动脉畅通.