Vaginal Cancer

Signs & symptoms

In some cases, vaginal cancer may not cause any symptoms and is detected by an abnormal Pap smear. 然而，这种情况的一些常见症状包括:

• 与经期无关的出血或分泌物
• 排尿困难或疼痛
• 性交时疼痛或骨盆疼痛

Diagnosis

If you are experiencing any symptoms of vaginal cancer or other problems related to your vagina, 你应该立即去看十大赌博平台排行榜，得到明确的诊断.

你的十大赌博平台排行榜会首先询问你可能遇到的任何症状, 同时检查你的病史并进行彻底的身体检查. 要确定症状的原因，可以执行以下测试:

• Pelvic exam. 这个检查包括摸子宫, vagina, ovaries, 输卵管, 检查膀胱和直肠的形状和大小是否有异常.
• Pap smear. 作为骨盆检查的一部分，你的十大赌博平台排行榜可能会做一个 Pap smear. He or she will gently scrape the outside of the cervix and vagina with a small spatula and brush in order to pick up cells, 然后可以分析任何异常. 可能会感到一些压力，但通常不会感到疼痛.
• Coloscopy. If any abnormal cells are found during your Pap smear, your doctor may recommend a coloscopy. 在这次考试中, 你的十大赌博平台排行榜会用阴道镜, 哪一个是小显微镜, 更详细地看你的阴道. This is an outpatient procedure that takes about 10 to 15 minutes and is usually not painful, 虽然可能会有点不舒服.
• Biopsy. If any abnormal cells are found during your Pap smear, your doctor will then need to conduct a biopsy. 在这个过程中, a small sample of tissue is removed from the vagina and then examined under a microscope for any cancer cells.
• 计算机断层扫描(CT). This imaging test 拍摄一系列身体内部区域的详细照片. 这些图片是由一台与x光机相连的计算机生成的. A special dye may be injected into a vein or swallowed to help the organs or tissues show up more clearly.
• 磁共振成像(MRI). 这是无痛的, non-invasive procedure that uses powerful magnets and radio waves to construct pictures of the body. Any imaging plane, or "slice," can be projected, stored in a computer or printed on film. MRI 能轻易地穿透衣服和骨头吗.

Treatments

Treatment for vaginal cancer typically involves surgery, radiation therapy and possibly chemotherapy. With surgery, some patients may need skin grafts and plastic surgery to make an artificial vagina. 有些病人可能需要一种以上的联合治疗.

在UCSF医疗中心, a team of cancer specialists and plastic surgeons work together to design the most effective treatment plan for your condition.

Surgery

手术是所有阶段阴道癌最常见的治疗方法. 十大赌博平台排行榜可以使用以下方法之一切除肿瘤:

• Laser surgery. 一束狭窄的光被用来杀死癌细胞. It may be used for the very earliest stages of when the cancer has been confined to the place of its origin, 这也被称为原位癌.
• 局部广泛切除. 一种切除癌细胞及其周围组织的手术. 病人可能需要从身体的另一部分取皮肤, or grafted, 在切除肿瘤后修复阴道.
• Vaginectomy. 在某些情况下，可能会建议切除阴道的手术. 当癌细胞扩散到阴道外时, 阴道切除术可以联合手术切除子宫, 卵巢和输卵管. 这叫做自由基 hysterectomy. 在这些手术中，骨盆的淋巴结也可能被切除.
• Exenteration. 如果癌症已经扩散到阴道和其他女性器官之外, 十大赌博平台排行榜可能会切除下结肠, rectum or bladder — depending on where the cancer has spread — along with the cervix, 子宫和阴道.

放射治疗

放射治疗 uses X-rays or other high-energy rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiation may come from a machine outside the body, called external beam radiation therapy. 另一种形式的放射治疗, 称为内辐射, 通过放置产生辐射的材料来工作, 被称为放射性同位素, 通过细塑料管进入发现癌细胞的区域.

放疗可以单独使用，也可以与化疗联合使用，也可以在手术后使用.

Chemotherapy

化疗使用药物杀死癌细胞. Chemotherapy may be taken by pill, or it may be put into the body by a needle in a vein. Chemotherapy is called a systemic treatment because the drugs enter the bloodstream, 在体内传播，可以杀死阴道外的癌细胞.

化疗可以与放射治疗联合使用，也可以单独使用.